Niccolò Machiavelli was a thinker who laid the foundation for modern political philosophy as the author of “The Prince,” also serving as a diplomat, political scientist, historian, and playwright in the Republic of Florence. While ancient philosophy discussed politics from a moral perspective, asking, ‘How should politics be?’ Machiavelli initiated modern political philosophy from a highly realistic viewpoint, asking, ‘How ...
Schopenhauer was a German philosopher who flourished in the 19th century. Born in 1788, he passed away in 1860. He critically embraced Kant’s ideas and believed he correctly continued Kant’s philosophy. Moreover, he strongly criticized contemporary popular scholars such as Hegel, Fichte, and Schelling for distorting Kant’s ideas and spreading pseudo-theories. Schopenhauer’s doctoral dissertation, “On the Fourfold Root of the ...